Understanding West Bengal's Weather in 2025: A Comprehensive Guide
West Bengal, a state in eastern India, is renowned for its diverse climate, ranging from the humid subtropical conditions of the Gangetic plains to the cooler, temperate climate of the Darjeeling hills. As we delve into the weather patterns of 2025, it's essential to examine the seasonal variations, recent climatic events, and the implications of these changes on agriculture, daily life, and future planning.
🌤️ Seasonal Overview of 2025
Winter (December – February)
Temperature Range: Typically, temperatures range from 10°C to 18°C during winter.
Weather Patterns: The winter months are characterized by mild temperatures, with occasional cold waves in the northern regions.
Air Quality: In the 2024-25 winter, Kolkata recorded its lowest PM2.5 levels since 2019, with December 2024 at 73 µg/m³ and January 2025 at 77 µg/m³, indicating improved air quality during this period.
Summer (March – May)
Temperature Trends: The summer of 2025 has been cooler than usual over large geographical areas, contributing to keeping all-India average temperatures within the normal range.
Rainfall Patterns: Intermittent spells of rain have been observed throughout the ongoing pre-monsoon season, benefiting regions like Southern Peninsular India.
Heat Risk: A recent heat risk assessment identified Kolkata and five other districts in West Bengal—North 24 Parganas, South 24 Parganas, Purulia, East Midnapore, and Bankura—as high or very high risk for extreme heat. Despite these risks, none of these districts have active heat action plans to protect residents.
Monsoon (June – September)
Onset and Progress: The southwest monsoon typically reaches Kerala around June 1. However, in 2025, the monsoon arrived in Kerala on May 24, eight days ahead of schedule, raising hopes for an early onset in Kolkata.
Rainfall Distribution: Heavy rainfall is expected, especially in South Bengal and the hilly areas, contributing to the state's annual precipitation.
Post-Monsoon (October – November)
Weather Conditions: The post-monsoon period is characterized by a gradual decrease in rainfall, leading to more pleasant weather conditions.
Agricultural Impact: This season is crucial for the harvesting of kharif crops and the preparation of fields for rabi sowing.
Winter (December)
Temperature Trends: Temperatures begin to drop, with the northern regions experiencing colder conditions.
Air Quality: The air quality may deteriorate due to increased use of biomass for heating and other factors.
🌦️ Recent Climatic Events in 2025
Heat Risk Assessment: The Council on Energy, Environment and Water (CEEW) identified Kolkata and five other districts in West Bengal as high or very high risk for extreme heat. The study emphasizes the need for immediate, district-specific heat adaptation strategies, including night-time heat measures.
Early Monsoon Onset: The southwest monsoon arrived in Kerala on May 24, eight days ahead of schedule, raising hopes for an early onset in Kolkata. However, experts caution that early monsoon in Kerala doesn't necessarily imply an early arrival in Bengal due to various influencing factors.
🌱 Agricultural Implications
Kharif Crops: The monsoon season is vital for the cultivation of kharif crops like rice, maize, and pulses. Early or delayed onset of the monsoon can significantly impact sowing and yield.
Rabi Crops: The post-monsoon period is crucial for the harvesting of kharif crops and the preparation of fields for rabi sowing.
Climate Change Effects: Shifts in rainfall patterns and increased frequency of extreme weather events pose challenges to traditional farming practices.
🏙️ Urban and Rural Impact
Urban Areas: Cities like Kolkata face challenges related to heat stress, air pollution, and waterlogging during heavy rains.
Rural Areas: Villages are affected by crop failures, water scarcity, and infrastructure damage due to extreme weather events.
Adaptation Strategies: Implementing green infrastructure, improving drainage systems, and promoting climate-resilient agriculture are essential for mitigating adverse effects.
📊 Statistical Overview
Month Avg. High Temp (°C) Avg. Low Temp (°C) Rainfall (mm) Notable Events
January 26 14 10 Mild winter conditions
February 28 16 20 Pre-monsoon showers
March 32 20 30 Onset of pre-monsoon rains
April 35 23 40 Intensifying heat
May 38 26 50 Early monsoon onset
June 35 25 150 Peak monsoon rains
July 34 24 200 Heavy rainfall
August 33 23 180 Continued monsoon activity
September 32 22 120 Gradual decrease in rains
October 30 20 60 Post-monsoon showers
November 28 18 30 Pleasant weather
December 26 16 10 Onset of winter
🌍 Climate Zones in West Bengal
West Bengal encompasses various climate zones:
Gangetic West Bengal: Tropical savanna climate with hot summers and heavy monsoon rains.
Sub-Himalayan West Bengal: Humid subtropical climate with cooler temperatures and significant rainfall.
Darjeeling Hills: Temperate climate with cooler temperatures and moderate rainfall.
🔍 FAQs
1. When does the monsoon typically reach Kolkata?
The southwest monsoon usually reaches Kolkata around June 11, with a margin of four days. However, in 2025, the monsoon arrived in Kerala on May 24, raising hopes for an early onset in Kolkata.
2. What are the primary crops grown in West Bengal?
West Bengal is known for cultivating rice, jute, tea, and various fruits and vegetables. The monsoon season is crucial for the cultivation of kharif crops like rice, maize, and pulses.
3. How does climate change affect agriculture in West Bengal?
Shifts in rainfall patterns, increased frequency of extreme weather events, and rising temperatures pose challenges to traditional farming practices, affecting crop yields and food security.
4. What measures can be taken to mitigate heat risks in urban areas?
Implementing green infrastructure, improving drainage systems, promoting energy-efficient buildings, and enhancing public awareness are essential for mitigating heat risks in urban areas.
5. How can rural communities adapt to changing weather patterns?
Promoting climate-resilient agriculture, improving water management practices, and enhancing infrastructure are vital for helping rural communities adapt to changing weather patterns.
📝 Conclusion
The weather patterns of West Bengal in 2025 reflect a complex interplay of seasonal variations and climatic events. Understanding these patterns is crucial for planning agricultural activities, urban development, and disaster management. By staying informed and adopting adaptive strategies, residents and policymakers can better navigate the challenges posed by the state's dynamic climate.
"We encourage you to share your thoughts and experiences related to West Bengal's weather patterns. Have you noticed any significant changes in your locality? Feel free to comment below, share this article with others, or explore more about the region's climate and its impacts"
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